Immediately post-conception, fixed low dose subcutaneous heparin at 5,000 U (anti-Xa) every 12 hours was added to the daily ASA regimen 81 mg/d. A follow-up laboratory examination confirmed thrombocytosis as well as chronic intravasal activation of platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis At that time she was taking ASA (Aspirin) daily.
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Nineteen months after the failed attempt to treat the aneurysms, the patient had regained full working capability. Superior sagittal sinus/middle cerebral artery/left subclavian/left vertebral artery Herein, we analyze the salient features of treatment of persons with SPS who have been identified in different parts of the world. Only one paper has described a prospective study of SPS treatment ( 40), and it proved that by using antiplatelet drugs, mainly aspirin, the platelet hyperreactivity of patients can be reverted and that this translates into a low re-thrombosis rate ( 36, 40). Treatment of SPS relies on diminishing the inherent platelet hyperaggregability by means of anti-platelet drugs in most cases, aspirin appears adequate but there are situations in which other anti-platelet drugs must be employed ( 27, 33, 36, 40- 43) (see Table 1). The platelet abnormality appears to be congenital, based on familial occurrence, but the precise nature of the defect has not been defined. Three forms of the SPS have been identified: Types I, II and III are defined by platelet hyperaggregability with both epinephrine and adenosine-diphosphate (ADP), type II with only epinephrine and type III with only ADP ( 13, 31, 35- 39). SPS is a relatively common cause of thrombosis ( 20, 26- 31), and is associated with both unexplained arterial and venous thrombotic events ( 32- 34). The condition known as sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) was first described in 1983 however, its prevalence did not receive substantial recognition in medical literature until much later ( 1- 25). Received: 06 March 2019 Accepted: 14 June 2019 Published: 10 July 2019. Keywords: Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) thrombophilia antithrombotic thrombosis antiplatelets Physicians worldwide are aware of the fact that the best treatment for persons with the SPS is the use of antiplatelet drugs. The re-thrombosis rate for patients given antiplatelet drugs was 5/332 (1.5%) and only 3 patients died.Ĭonclusions: Most patients with SPS are treated with antiplatelet drugs worldwide, the re-thrombosis rate is very low. Results: Three hundred thirty two patients were treated with antiplatelet drugs 303 were given solely aspirin and 29 received combinations with aspirin (heparin or coumadin), whereas two persons did not receive aspirin. Data concerning treatment was available in 16 of these papers, and involving 332 patients. Methods: Data from 43 publications describing 1,494 patients with SPS worldwide were analyzed. The aim of this study is to analyze the treatment of persons with SPS in different parts of the world.
Treatment with antiplatelet drugs results in a low re-thrombosis rate. All rights reserved.Background: Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) is a common but under-recognized cause of thrombosis.
A bivariate model of credit spreads and either macroeconomic activity or equity market volatility detects large and significant correlations that are consistent with theory but have not been observed in previous studies. We use a Markovswitching model, which also captures the stability (low frequency changes) of credit ratings, to show why credit spreads may continue to respond to past levels of credit risk, even though the state of the economy has changed.
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All rights reserved.ĪB - We uncover high persistence in credit spread series that can obscure the relationship between the theoretical determinants of credit risk and observed credit spreads. N2 - We uncover high persistence in credit spread series that can obscure the relationship between the theoretical determinants of credit risk and observed credit spreads. T1 - Sticky credit spreads, macroeconomic activity and equity market volatility
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